TRANSPORTATION IN PLANTS - CONCEPT, MEANS, XYLEM
YOU KNOW THAT ORGANISMS NEED FOOD, WATER AND OXYGEN FOR THEIR SURVIVAL. THESE SUBSTANCES ARE TRANSPORTED TO VARIOUS PARTS OF THE BODY. THE WASTES , THAT ARE PRODUCED BY THE ORGANISMS , ARE REMOVED FROM THE BODY. THESE WASTES ARE TRANSPORTED AND COLLECTED IN AN AREA FROM WHERE THEY ARE REMOVED.
WHAT IS TRANSPORTATION ?
THE PROCESS OF MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES, FROM ONE LOCATION TO ANOTHER, IN AN ORGANISM, KNOWN AS TRANSPORTATION.
IN PLANTS, IT IS FOOD, WATER AND MINERALS FROM THE SOIL, ARE TAKEN UP BY ROOTS AND DISTIBUTED TO LEAVES AND OTHER PARTS OF THE PLANT. SIMILARLY, FOOD PREPARED BY THE LEAVES IS DISTRIBUTED TO OTHER PARTS OF THE PLANT.
TRANSPORTATION IN PLANTS
IN PLANTS, IT IS FOOD, WATER AND MINERALS, CARBONDIOXIDE AND OXYGEN THAT GET TRANSPORTED.
WATER AND MINERALS
PLANT OBTAIN WATER AND MINERAL FROM THE SOIL.
THIS IS USUALLY DONE THROUGH THE ROOTS.
ROOTS ALSO HAVE ROOTS HAIR THAT INCREASE THE SURFACE AREA FOR ABSORPTION OF WATER AND MINERALS.
NOTE :
THE ABSORBED WATER AND MINERALS ARE TRANSPORTED TO THE OTHER PARTS OF THE PLANT, BY A NETWORK OF TUBES CALLED XYLEM.
THERE IS A SEPERATE NETWORK OF TUBES THAT TRANSPORTS FOOD, FROM LEAVES, TO THE OTHER PARTS OF THE PLANT. THIS NETWORK IS CALLED PHLOEM.
XYLEM AND PHLOE, THUS MAKE UP THE CONDUCTING TISSUES OF A PLANT. THEY ARE CALLED VASCULAR TISSUES AS THEY PRESENT IN SPECIAL STRUCTURES CALLED VASCULAR BUNDLES.
CONDUCTING TISSUES OF A PLANT
↓
XYLEM 🠈🠈🠈🠈🠈🠈🠈🠈 ↓ 🠊🠊🠊🠊🠊🠊🠊🠊 PHLOEM
MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION IN PLANTS
Transportation in plants is by three means, they are as stated below:
- Diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion
- Active Transport
Diffusion
It is a transportation process that involves the passive movement of a substance from cell-to-cell or from one plant part to the cell. Its outcome does not entail energy-expenditure. Here molecules move in a random manner. It is a slow process.
Here the substance moves from higher concentration region to lower concentration region. The diffusion is the only means of transport for gases in case of plants. The rate of diffusion depends on the temperature, pressure, and mainly on a gradient of concentration.
Also read: Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
The gradient is a vital component for the process of diffusion. Hence, a smaller substance has to be diffused faster when compared to large ones. Facilitated Diffusion is a passive process that comprises antiport, uniport, and symport.
Antiport proteins exchange the solutes by transporting them in and out of the cell. The main function of uniport protein is to carry single solute across the membrane. Symport proteins transfer two different solutes simultaneously in the same direction.
Also read: Facilitated Diffusion
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Active transport pumps molecules against the concentration gradient. Here the energy of ATP is used to drive the pump. The ATP donates a phosphate to a particular gateway molecule which then pumps the desired molecule across the membrane.
Driving Forces Responsible For Transportation in Plants
The driving forces responsible for the transportation of water and minerals in plants include:
- Transpiration
- Force of surface tension
- Water potential gradient
- The force of hydrogen bonding between water molecules
TRANSPIRATION IN PLANTS
TRANSPIRATION IS THE EVAPORATION OF WATER MOLECULES, IN THE FORM OF WATER VAPOURS, FROM THE PLANT SURFACE, ESPICALLY FROM THE STOMATA ON ITS LEAVES.
TRANSPIRATION IS BENEFICIAL TO THE PLANTS. IT CREATES A SUCTION PULL WHICH HELPS WATER TO BE TRANSPORTED TO GREAT HEIGHTS IN TALL TREES.
IT ALSO HELPS TO LOWER THE PLANTS"S BODY TEMPERATURE IN SUMMERS.
IT MAY BE CALLED A NECESSARY EVIL.
ALSO READ : NUTRITION IN ANIMALS
ALSO READ: NUTRITION IN PLANTS
SOME REPEATED QUESTIONS IN EXAM
What do you understand by transportation in plants?
Transportation in plants refers to the movement of water and minerals from the roots to different parts of the plants. It also includes the movement of the food prepared by the leaves to the entire plant.
How is the food transported in the plants?
Food is transported through the phloem in the plants. In the transportation process, the energy from ATP is utilized to create osmotic pressure that helps in transporting food from higher concentration to lower concentration.
How is water transported in plants?
Water is transported in the plants with the help of conductive tissues and individual cells of the vascular system. Water moves along the water potential gradient and enters the root hairs and xylem through either apoplast or symplast pathways. This is how the water is carried from the roots to the stem and other parts of the plant.
What are the different means of transportation in plants?
The different means of transportation in plants are:
- Simple diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion
- Osmosis
- Active transport
How are the gases transported in the plants?
Plants obtain gases through the leaves. The opening and closing of guard cells are responsible for the exchange of gases. Plants require carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. The gases diffuse into the intercellular spaces of the leaves through the stomatal pores.
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Reviewed by CURIOUS FACT
on
April 12, 2021
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